\quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. Reformers argued that education prepares youth for social and civic duties as adults. Consolidated Statement of Income and There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. Smith described Moroni as a son of the prophet Mormon and the last of the Nephites, descendants of Hebrews who had travelled to the Americas sometime around 500 BCE. )%2F13%253A_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform%2F13.03%253A_American_Antebellum_Reform, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 13.2: Cultural Movements- Transcendentalism, Utopian Communities, and the Cult of Domesticity, Abolitionism and the Womens Rights Movements, Catherine Locks, Sarah Mergel, Pamela Roseman, Tamara Spike & Marie Lasseter, source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/, status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Further reproduction prohibited without . Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. What are the other consequences? Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. Early nineteenth-century America was a time of reform. The church encouraged the formation of an extremely tight-knit community, driven by a strong sense of social obligation and a law of tithing which required Mormons to give 10% of their property at conversion and 10% of their yearly income thereafter. Channings 1819 Unitarian Christianity sermon, which outlined many of the core beliefs of the new American sect, such as a belief in human goodness and rejection of the Trinity, inspired many churches to adopt Unitarianism. - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? Leadership and authority within the church was the exclusive domain of white men. \text{LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS EQUITY}\\ Generally, the evangelical movement changed over time and became more limiting and conservative in their views of race and gender. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. In part, this was achieved by a certain theatricality of preaching. Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio became the first co-educational institution when it admitted four women in 1837. These include: 1. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. They were inspired in part by the success of British abolitionists. If they openly challenged the institution of slavery, slave owners would not allow their slaves to attend revival meetings or to hear the message. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. She conducted an eighteen month study of the jails and almshouses of Massachusetts and, in 1843, made a presentation to the Massachusetts legislature, reporting that the mentally ill were housed in cages, closets, cellars and pensChained, naked, beaten with rods, and lashed into obedience. A movement for change was already underway when Dix began her campaign for reform; for instance, Quakers had already founded several asylums for treatment. One means of teaching these values was through the series McGuffeys Readers, a series of texts that taught not only spelling and vocabulary, but also punctuality, frugality, and temperance. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. When one of the conspirators proved hesitant to rebellion, Gabriel called on his brother to speak at a meeting of the conspirators to encourage them to action: outright rebellion. Antebellum Reform Americans after 1815 embraced many religios and social movements in pursuit of solutions for the problems, evils, and misfortunes of mankind. Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? Over the course of two days, the delegates discussed the role of women in society and debated the issue of womens right to vote. Camp meetings were so called because, on the sparsely populated frontier, many attendees had to travel long distances to the meeting and camp out at the location. In July 1848 they were finally able to call together a group together for the first national convention devoted to the issue of womens rights, the Seneca Falls Convention. \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ Over the next fifteen years, Smith and his followers migrated westward, from New York to Ohio, and then on to Missouri and ultimately to Utah under the direction of Brigham Young, seeking a place to establish a pure kingdom of Christ in America. This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. Additional information is as follows: Chief among these physicians was Dr. Benjamin Rush of Pennsylvania. The new evangelical denominations of the Second Great Awakening did not require the same kinds of rigorous education as older sects did; rather, it was far more important for a spiritual leader to experience a personal conversion and feel a call to spread the message. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. Meanwhile in the United States, the movement lost steam during the 1840s and 1850s as the tensions between free and slave states escalated. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. Hudson River school of art: Americans painters also sought to achieve a sense of nationality in art. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. Pace of Life Preference by Gender. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Douglass was a skilled orator and a prolific writer. The American relationship with alcohol was not an issue that was resolved in the era of reform. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ White abolitionists warned him that people would cease to believe that he had ever been enslaved if he sounded too educated and advised him to leave the complex analysis to the whites. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Even anti-slavery and abolitionist groups refused to grant full rights to black members. Turner himself evaded capture for months. utopian communities (p. 434) Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. Others sought to build and improve public and state institutions such as prisons, asylums, and schools. The Unitarian church was most popular in New England and was centered in Boston. Simplify!"; and the minister Theodore Parker's close association with the radical abolitionist John Brown. Determined to make abolitionism a political movement, the seceders formed the Liberty Party, which nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. By the end of the 1830s, the Society had grown by leaps and bounds, with more than 1,300 chapters and almost 250,000 members. In asylums they receive temporary care and attention. In 1836, when abolitionists began to flood Washington with petitions calling for emancipation in the nation's capital, the House of Representatives adopted the notorious "gag rule," which prohibited their consideration. The first and foremost of these goals was achieving the right to vote as an inalienable right of full, republican citizenship. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. The result was the creation of penitentiaries, which sought to transform criminals into law abiding citizens through hard work, religious instruction, and isolation from the corruption of social vices. For example, as Frederick Douglass rose to prominence as an orator in the abolitionist movement, he began speaking not only of his life as a slave, but also analyzing abolitionist policies. Many types of reform movements existed during this period in the United States, and groups and causes only grew more splintered over time. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. The colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. Antebellum reform efforts aimed at perfecting the spiritual and social worlds of individuals, and as an outgrowth of those concerns, some reformers moved in the direction of ensuring the health of American citizens. Gabriel, a blacksmith, was often leased out to work for others; in this more relaxed system, he was able to move more freely and recruit conspirators, a pattern that was only enhanced by the summers revival meetings. \text{Machinery and Equipment}& 8,000,000 &7,300,000\\ This is especially true of the Baptist church; independent black congregations were founded all over the South. The rebellion was quelled by a local militia, who killed or captured many of the insurrectionists. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . \text{Merchandise Inventory}& 1,800,000& 1,500,000\\ However, the modern-day Seventh Day Adventist Church later grew out of the Millerite movement. Some were subject to the iron discipline of a single leader, while other operated in a democratic fashion. Eventually, the American Anti-Slavery Society itself split into factions over social issues. Also, become productive, self-disciplined citizens. ASSETSCurrentAssetsCashCertificateofDepositAccountsReceivable(NetofEstimatedUncollectiblesof$100,000in2012and$160,000in2013)MerchandiseInventoryPrepaymentsTotalCurrentAssetsInvestmentsChicagoFinanceCorporation(40%Owned)RosenwaldCompany(50%Owned)HutchinsonCompany(25%Owned)TotalInvestmentsProperty,Plant,andEquipmentLandBuildingMachineryandEquipmentPropertyRightsAcquiredUnderLeaseTotalLessAccumulatedDepreciationandAmortizationTotalProperty,Plant,andEquipmentIntangibles(atNetCarryingValue)PatentGoodwillTotalIntangiblesTotalAssetsLIABILITIESANDSHAREHOLDERSEQUITYCurrentLiabilitiesAccountsPayableAdvancesfromCustomersSalariesPayableIncomeTaxesPayableRentReceivedinAdvanceOtherCurrentLiabilitiesTotalCurrentLiabilitiesLong-TermDebtBondsPayableEquipmentMortgageIndebtednessCapitalizedLeaseObligationTotalLong-TermDebtDeferredTaxLiabilityShareholdersEquityConvertiblePreferredStockCommonStockAdditionalPaid-InCapitalRetainedEarningsTotalLessCostofTreasurySharesTotalShareholdersEquityTotalLiabilitiesandShareholdersEquity$100,000225,000600,0001,800,000200,000$2,925,000$4,000,0001,025,000175,000$5,200,000$500,0004,000,0008,000,0001,500,000$14,000,000(4,000,000)$10,000,000$750,0001,125,000$1,875,000$20,000,000$550,000640,000300,000430,00050,000460,000$2,430,000$3,648,000332,0001,020,000$5,000,000$1,570,000$2,000,0002,000,0003,000,0005,000,000$12,000,000(1,000,000)$11,000,000$20,000,000$200,000500,0001,500,000200,000$2,400,000$2,200,000900,000100,000$3,200,000$400,0004,000,0007,300,0001,500,000$13,200,000(3,800,000)$9,400,000$875,0001,125,000$2,000,000$17,000,000$400,000660,000240,000300,000200,000$1,800,000$3,600,0001,300,0001,100,000$6,000,000$1,400,000$2,000,0002,000,0002,400,0002,800,000$9,200,000(1,400,000)$7,800,000$17,000,000. For the most part, the African American community did not see colonization or repatriation as a viable alternative to emancipation and abolition. \text{Retained Earnings}& 5,000,000 &2,800,000\\ Beginning in the 1820s, reformers sought to combat the ignorance, vice, and ills of society through the public education of the nations youth. After the conspiracy was quelled, white Charlestonians accused black congregations of the same offense: falsifying and misinterpreting the Bible. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation The evangelical message that ones birth, education, wealth, and social status did not matter in the eyes of God held great appeal for the masses of the frontier. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. Discuss any differences between the preferences of men and women. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. To what degree was antebellum reform international in scope? In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. Consolidated Balance Sheets In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. Mainly, it had drastically weakened the ties that bound . The bonds between British and American reformers can be traced throughout the many social improvement projects of the nineteenth century. \text{Rent Received in Advance}& 50,000& \\ The utopian communities challenge existing ideas about property and marriage by prohibiting sexual relations between men and women altogether, others allowed them to change partners at will and the abolition of private property must be accompanied by an end to men's property in women. \quad\text{Total Assets}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ Simultaneously, the slaves, women, and children were told that obedience to their master was their Christian duty. One of the most prominent abolitionists of the era was William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? \text{Property Rights Acquired Under Lease}&1,500,000 &1,500,000\\ North and South white Americans want to colonization the African American slaves, it was response to for making African Americans slaves. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. However, there were limits to spiritual equality; although all were spiritually equal in the eyes of God, for many believers, African Americans and women were still inferior to white men in all other ways. While not all Americans were active in the various reform movements, taken together, the reform impulse was a powerful force that characterizes the antebellum era. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. The abolitionist sentiment was also present in the South. What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? The region of western and central New York where Finney was most active became the site of intensive religious fervor and reform. \text{Cash}& \$ 100,000 &\$ 200,000\\ The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. It's was the best answer at the time for white Americans. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ What were the differences between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? 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